Brewing guides
Timing, ratios, grind and beans: the basics behind every recommendation the app makes.
Perfect espresso shot timing
The foundation of great espresso lies in precise timing. Here’s how to achieve the perfect extraction:
25-30 seconds for a double shot (18-20g coffee → 36-40g espresso)
- Start your timer when you begin extraction
- Watch the flow: First drops typically appear in 5-10 seconds
- Monitor the extraction: Aim for steady, honey-like flow
- Stop at target yield based on your recipe
Use Coffee Shot Timer to track your extraction time and weight ratio. The app helps you identify patterns and perfect your technique.
Troubleshooting common issues
Even experienced baristas encounter problems. Here’s how to diagnose and fix common espresso issues:
Shot too fast (under 20s)
- Grind finer (1-2 steps)
- Increase dose slightly (+0.5g)
- Check for channeling in puck
- Ensure even tamping pressure
Shot too slow (over 35s)
- Grind coarser (1-2 steps)
- Reduce dose slightly (-0.5g)
- Check for clumping in grounds
- Verify consistent distribution
Weak or sour shots
- Increase extraction time
- Use fresher beans (7-30 days post-roast)
- Check water temperature (too cool?)
- Grind finer for more surface area
Bitter or harsh shots
- Reduce extraction time
- Lower water temperature
- Grind coarser
- Check bean freshness (avoid over-roasted)
Brew ratios and yields
The right coffee-to-water ratio is crucial for balanced extraction. Here are proven ratios for different styles:
| Style | Coffee (g) | Yield (g) | Ratio | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ristretto | 18-20g | 27-30g | 1:1.5 | 20-25s |
| Normale | 18-20g | 36-40g | 1:2 | 25-30s |
| Lungo | 18-20g | 45-50g | 1:2.5 | 30-35s |
Start with 1:2 ratio and adjust based on taste. Sour? Extract more (finer grind/longer time). Bitter? Extract less (coarser grind/shorter time).
Grinder settings and dialing in
Your grinder is the most important tool for consistent espresso. Here’s how to dial in the perfect grind:
Medium-fine grind (finer than table salt)
- Dose consistently: Use the same amount of coffee each time
- Distribute and tamp evenly: Consistent pressure, level surface
- Pull a test shot: Time and weigh the output
- Taste and adjust: Make small changes, one at a time
Common adjustments
| Problem | Cause | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Sour, under-extracted | Too coarse/fast | Grind finer |
| Bitter, over-extracted | Too fine/slow | Grind coarser |
| Channeling (spurting) | Uneven distribution | Better distribution/tamp |
Advanced techniques
Ready to take your espresso to the next level? Try these advanced techniques used by professional baristas:
Pre-infusion
If your machine supports it, pre-infusion can help wet the grounds evenly before full pressure extraction. Times vary by machine and preference.
Distribution methods
- WDT (Weiss Distribution Technique): Use thin needles to break up clumps
- Stockfleth Move: Level grounds with finger in circular motion
- Distribution Tool: Use calibrated distribution tool for consistency
Temperature considerations
- Light roasts: Generally benefit from higher temperatures
- Dark roasts: Generally work well with lower temperatures
Bean management and storage
Great espresso starts with great beans. Here’s how to select, store, and track your coffee for optimal results:
Typically 7-30 days from roast date
- Check roast date: Avoid beans over 4 weeks old
- Look for quality packaging: One-way valve bags are ideal
- Choose appropriate roast: Medium to medium-dark for espresso
- Buy in small quantities: 1-2 weeks worth at a time
Use the app’s bean management feature to track roast dates, origins, and your preferred grind settings for each bean. This helps you maintain consistency and discover your preferences.
Storage best practices
Keep your beans fresh and flavorful with proper storage methods:
| Storage method | Duration | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Original bag with valve | 1-2 weeks | Best for daily use |
| Airtight container | 2-3 weeks | Keep in cool, dark place |
| Freezer (portioned) | 1-2 months | Freeze in small portions, thaw before use |
Change only one variable at a time. Use Coffee Shot Timer to log your results and build a database of what works with each bean and setup.